SUDOKU #8  
 

I'm going to repeat the info at the top of Sudoku #1, just in case you haven't seen that one yet.
 
I've been doing Sudoku for a while.  There are a lot of people like me who have figured out some tricks or techniques that help them complete the puzzles.  This page is not really for them.  I met a woman recently who was just starting to try to do Sudoku.  This page is for people like her.  I'm not saying that I know every single trick, but I know enough to complete most puzzles.
 
The basic rules of Sudoku are that there is only one of each number in each row, column, and 9 square grid.  There isn't any mathematics or arithmetic.  If you know how to count from 1 to 9, then you can do these puzzles.  All of the techniques are based on this rule.
 
Here is a sample Sudoku puzzle.
 
              1        
          4   9 3 2    
    4 1     7          
        1     8     7  
      6           9    
    2     3     4      
            4     8 5  
      3 9 7   2        
          1            
 
This is a Evil difficulty puzzle (harder than Hard), and it will allow me to show some examples of a few of the tricks that I've uncovered.  I've added the letters below to the rows and columns in order to talk about each of the 81 squares.  As a convention, I will talk about squares and boxes.  There are 81 squares, but there are 9 boxes of 9 squares.
     
  A           1        
  B       4   9 3 2    
  C 4 1     7          
  D     1     8     7  
  E   6           9    
  F 2     3     4      
  G         4     8 5  
  H   3 9 7   2        
  I       1            
  J K L M N O P Q R  
                         
There is a 1 in BR (because of CK and AO). There is a 4 in EO (because of BM, GN, and FP) and a 7 in FO (because of HM and CN).  There is a 4 in DK (because of CJ, EO, and FP) and one in IL (because of CJ, DK, and GN).
         
  A           1          
  B       4   9 3 2 1    
  C 4 1     7            
  D   4 1     8     7    
  E   6       4   9      
  F 2     3   7 4        
  G         4     8 5    
  H   3 9 7   2          
  I     4 1              
    J K L M N O P Q R    
                             
The 3 in HK and BP means that there has to be a 3 in either IQ or IR, so the 3 in box GM-IO has to be in GO.  There is a 3 in AN (because of FM, GO, and BP).  There is another 3 in CL (because of AN and BP).
             
  A         3 1          
  B       4   9 3 2 1    
  C 4 1 3   7            
  D   4 1     8     7    
  E   6       4   9      
  F 2     3   7 4        
  G         4 3   8 5    
  H   3 9 7   2          
  I     4 1              
    J K L M N O P Q R    
                         
There is an 8 in GQ and one in DO, so the 8 in column M has to be in either AM or CM.  There is a 2 in BQ and another in HO, so there has to be a 2 in either AM or CM.  That means that the 5 and 6 in box AM-CO have to be in BN and CO.  The 2 in BQ means that the 2 in box AJ-CL has to be in for A, so the 2 has to be in CM and the 8 has to be in AM.
         
  A       8 3 1          
  B       4   9 3 2 1    
  C 4 1 3 2 7            
  D   4 1     8     7    
  E   6       4   9      
  F 2     3   7 4        
  G         4 3   8 5    
  H   3 9 7   2          
  I     4 1              
    J K L M N O P Q R    
                         
The missing numbers from column M are 5, 6, and 9.  But there are a 6 and 9 in row E, so a 5 is in EM.
         
  A       8 3 1          
  B       4   9 3 2 1    
  C 4 1 3 2 7            
  D   4 1     8     7    
  E   6   5   4   9      
  F 2     3   7 4        
  G         4 3   8 5    
  H   3 9 7   2          
  I     4 1              
    J K L M N O P Q R    
                         
The numbers missing from box AM-CO are the 5 and 6.  The numbers missing from row C are 5, 6, 8, and 9.  But there is an 8 and a 9 in column Q, so the possible numbers in CQ are 5 and 6 -- the same as in CO.  So the possible numbers in CP and CR are the 8 and 9.  The numbers missing from column O are a 5 and 6, and the numbers missing from column M are a 6 and 9.
         
  A       8 3 1          
  B       4 56 9 3 2 1    
  C 4 1 3 2 7 56 89 56 89    
  D   4 1 69   8     7    
  E   6   5   4   9      
  F 2     3   7 4        
  G       69 4 3   8 5    
  H   3 9 7   2          
  I     4 1   56          
    J K L M N O P Q R    
                         
This puzzle is hard enough that I am trying to see patterns.  Are there a couple squares in a row, column or box that have to be one of two numbers, so we can get more information about other squares?
 
The numbers missing from row B are 5, 6, 7, 8.  The numbers missing from row C are 5, 6, 8, 9.  The numbers in row F are 1, 5, 6, 8, 9.  There are a 1 and 5 in column R and a 9 in box DP-FR, so the possible numbers in FR are a 6 or 8.
         
  A       8 3 1          
  B       4 56 9 3 2 1 5678  
  C 4 1 3 2 7 56 89 56 89 5689  
  D   4 1 69   8     7    
  E   6   5   4   9      
  F 2     3   7 4   68 15689  
  G       69 4 3   8 5 12679  
  H   3 9 7   2       14568  
  I     4 1   56          
    J K L M N O P Q R    
                         
The numbers missing from box AP-CR (aside from the 8 and 9) are 4, 5, 6, and 7, but there is a 5 and a 7 in column R.  So the possible numbers in AR would be 4 and 6.  The numbers missing from row H are 1, 4, 5, 6, and 8, but there are a 1 and 5 in column R and an 8 in box FP-IR.  So the possible numbers in HR would be a 4 and a 6.  So the 4 and 6 have to be in AR or HR.  That means that there cannot be a 6 in FR, which means that the 8 has to be in FR.  That means there has to be a 9 in CR and an 8 in CP.
         
  A       8 3 1     46    
  B       4 56 9 3 2 1 5678  
  C 4 1 3 2 7 56 8 56 9 5689  
  D   4 1 69   8     7    
  E   6   5   4   9 23    
  F 2     3   7 4   8 15689  
  G       69 4 3   8 5 12679  
  H   3 9 7   2     46 14568  
  I     4 1   56     23    
    J K L M N O P Q R    
                         
There is a 2 and a 3 in ER and IR.  There is a 1, 2, or 3 in EN, EP, and ER, but there is a 3 in AN and in BP.  So the 3 has to be in ER, and that means the 2 is in IR.  There has to be a 3 in DJ (because of ER and FM).  There has to be a 7 and 8 in EJ and EL (because of DO, FR, FO, and DR).
         
  A       8 3 1     46    
  B       4 56 9 3 2 1 5678  
  C 4 1 3 2 7 56 8 56 9 56  
  D 3 4 1 69   8     7    
  E 78 6 78 5   4   9 3    
  F 2     3   7 4   8 1569